Pemikiran Hukum John Locke Dan Landasan Hak Asasi Manusia
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Abstract
In the state of nature, humans have the same dignity and rank because they have the same reasoning abilities, natural advantages, power and jurisdiction. Apart from that, humans are also subject to and bound by natural law and natural rights. Natural rights are rights that are inherent in every human being from birth, cannot be taken away, and are universal. These natural rights guarantee equal human dignity and rank, and limit state power (Sunarso, 2020). John Locke's Natural Theory explains human life before the formation of the state. In a natural state, humans have the same dignity and status, as well as natural rights, namely the right to life, the right to freedom and independence, and the right to own something. These natural rights have a naturalist status, namely a place where humans can live as equals and in harmony. This research uses qualitative methods with a philosophical approach to examine Natural Theory and its influence on the modern concept of human rights (HAM). The research results show that Natural Theory overcomes the nature of competition between humans in the realm of power by formulating natural rights. These natural rights guarantee human dignity and equality, and limit state power. Thus, Natural Theory became the basis for the modern concept of human rights. Human rights are rights that are inherent in every human being from birth, cannot be taken away, and are universal. Human rights aim to protect human dignity and status, as well as guarantee individual freedom and independence.
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